The focus of this roundtable is to provide the Bipartisan Commission on Biodefense and the University of Oxford Mathematical Ecology Research Group with a better understanding of how to strengthen international astrobiodefense and planetary protection efforts through: (1) collaborative partnerships; (2) government policy efforts; and (3) technologies, research, and development needed to bolster our capabilities for detecting and mitigating biological threats originating from extraterrestrial environments and safeguarding both terrestrial and extraterrestrial ecosystems from contamination and unintended consequences.